This exam asesses course standards 46–51. If you can do the tasks described below, you will satisfy the standards on the exam.
Given the mass and distance from the center of a gravitational attractor, find the escape speed from it.
Identify and list the conserved quantities of motion in orbits.
For a circular orbit, given two, find the third: orbital radius, orbital period, orbital speed.
For a circular orbit, given two, find the third: mass of the attractor, orbital speed, orbital radius.
For a circular orbit, given two, find the third: mass of the attractor, orbital period, orbital radius.
For an elliptical orbit, given two, find the third: mass of the attractor, orbital period, semi-major axis pdf the orbit.
Given three, find the fourth: orbital distance and period of one orbiting body, orbital distance and period of another body orbiting the same attractor.
Given three, find the fourth: heat input, mass, specific heat capacity, temperature change.
Given the initial temperatures, masses, and specific heat capacities of two bodies in thermal contact, find their equilibrium temperature.
Given the initial temperatures and masses of two bodies in thermal contact, their equilibrium temperature, and the specific heat capacity of one body, find the specific heat capacity of the other body.
Given two, find the third: latent heat of phase change, mass or number of moles of a substance changing phase, heat required to change the phase.
Determine the heat needed to change the temperature and and phase of a substance, such as heating a substance to melting, or melting a substance and then raising the temperature of the melt.
Convert temperatures between Celsius and Kelvin scales.
Given a substance's coefficient α and dimension at one temperature, find its dimension (or dimensional change) at another temperature.
Given a substance's coefficient β and volume at one temperature, find its volume (or volume change) at another temperature.
Find the differences in length or volume of two objects of different materials undergoing the same temperature change.
Given three, find the fourth: length at initial temperature, temperature change, length change at final temperature, coefficient α.
Given three, find the fourth: volume at initial temperature, temperature change, volume change at final temperature, coefficient β.
Identify the quantities (state variables) that define a sample's state.
Recognize and identify processes that change a sample's state.
Define the internal energy of a substance.
Recognize and identify the actions that change a sample's internal energy.
Given two, find the third: heat added to a sample, work done by the sample, the sample's change in internal energy.
Calculate the work done by a substance expanding or contracting at constant pressure.
Calculate the internal energy of a monatomic ideal gas.
Calculate the internal energy of a diatomic ideal gas.
For an ideal gas, given three, find the fourth: absolute temperature, pressure, volume, number of moles of the gas.
Given the volume and pressure of a sample of an ideal gas, find its product nRT.
Given a description of a spontaneous process, identify what spreads out (Matter? Energy? Both?) to make entropy increase.
Calculate the entropy change for a body receiving or releasing heat at a constant temperature
Relate Qh, W, and Qc (given two, find the third) for heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps.
Express the appropriate performance measures for heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps in terms of Qh, W, and Qc.
Identify the factors determining the maximum possible performance of a heat engine, refrigerator, or heat pump.
Given two, find the third: maximum performance, Th, and Tc.
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Revised: 2 December 2025. Maintained by Richard Barrans.
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